Description

India's heritage is incomplete without mentioning the mighty Maratha Empire. Under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the Marathas built some of the most strategic and iconic forts in Indian history. These forts were more than military structures—they were centers of power, protection, and pride.


Who Were the Marathas?

The Maratha Empire (17th–18th century) emerged as a formidable power in India. Shivaji Maharaj laid the foundation of a kingdom based on swarajya (self-rule), using a network of forts across the Western Ghats to secure and expand his realm.


Sahyadri Hill Forts (Proposed UNESCO Sites)

A group of 12 Maratha forts in the Western Ghats has been nominated for UNESCO World Heritage status for their historical and architectural significance.

  • Raigad Fort

  • Rajgad Fort

  • Torna Fort

  • Pratapgad Fort

  • Sindhudurg Fort

  • Suvarnadurg Fort

  • Lohagad Fort

  • Sinhagad Fort

  • Manikgad Fort

  • Lingana Fort

  • Karnala Fort

  • Vasota Fort


UNESCO Criteria

These forts meet multiple UNESCO criteria including:

  • (ii) Cultural exchange and military innovation

  • (iii) Testimony to Maratha traditions

  • (iv) Unique hill and sea fort architecture

  • (vi) Association with Shivaji Maharaj


Architectural Brilliance

Unlike Mughal architecture, Maratha forts emphasized functionality over grandeur. Features include:

  • Rock-cut stairways and water tanks

  • Strategic locations on hills or coasts

  • Hidden escape routes

  • Rainwater harvesting systems


Must-Visit Forts

Here are a few forts you must explore:

  • Raigad Fort

    • Location: Raigad, Maharashtra
    Highlights: Shivaji’s Samadhi, Queen’s quarters, royal court remains

  • Rajgad Fort

    • Location: Pune district
    Highlights: Balekilla, trekking trails, historic significance

  • Sindhudurg Fort

    • Location: Malvan, Konkan Coast
    Highlights: Built on a rock island, naval base, underwater structure


Preservation Efforts

These forts face challenges like encroachment and neglect. Efforts are being made to:

  • Secure UNESCO recognition

  • Promote eco-tourism

  • Encourage heritage conservation


Conclusion

The Maratha forts are timeless symbols of India’s resistance, strategy, and cultural pride. Recognizing them as UNESCO World Heritage Sites ensures their preservation for generations to come.


Fun Fact

Shivaji Maharaj built or restored over 370 forts, with more than 40 still standing strong today!